{"id":1274,"date":"2018-07-31T18:12:49","date_gmt":"2018-07-31T18:12:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/?p=1274"},"modified":"2024-04-17T14:37:28","modified_gmt":"2024-04-17T20:37:28","slug":"key-factors-to-preventing-common-potato-diseases-and-successful-storage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/ivi-blog\/key-factors-to-preventing-common-potato-diseases-and-successful-storage\/","title":{"rendered":"Temperature, humidity, and air movement: the key factors to successful storage and preventing common potato diseases"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"col-sm-4 more-info\">\n<p>Ready to work with us?<br>Still have questions?<\/p>\n<div class=\"button\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/contact-us\/\" title=\"IVI Contact Page\">Contact Us<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The two critical environmental factors involved in properly storing potatoes and preventing common potato diseases are temperature and humidity. Adequate and unrestricted air movement is also necessary to maintain constant temperature and humidity throughout the storage pile\u2014and to prevent excessive shrinkage from moisture loss and decay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dial in on temperature control<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Several factors influence temperature management for stored potatoes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>whether the potatoes are to be marketed for processing, as fresh table stock, or as seed<\/li><li>the temperature of the tubers at the time they are placed in storage<\/li><li>the length of time the tubers are to be stored<\/li><li>the extent of tuber damage at harvest<\/li><li>the presence of disease organisms<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The storage temperature affects key aspects of successful storage, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>the curing and wound healing processes<\/li><li>disease spread and severity<\/li><li>the sugar-starch relationships<\/li><li>respiration<\/li><li>respiration, in turn, influences dormancy or sprouting, and weight loss<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Storage first step: wound healing and curing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/harvesting-potatoes.jpg\" alt=\"Recently dug up potatoes during harvest\" class=\"wp-image-1277\" width=\"375\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/harvesting-potatoes.jpg 500w, https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/harvesting-potatoes-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Bruising and cuts can occur during harvesting and handling. Wound healing is critical in order to minimize the entry areas for ever-threatening organisms of potato diseases. Temperature is critical at this phase of initial storage, as healing proceeds most rapidly at temperatures of 60\u00b0\u201365\u00b0 F. In order to achieve the healing of any wounds, this temperature, plus high humidity, facilitates the forming of a suberin layer (similar to a scab on animals). The suberin layer develops in three to five days. Cell regeneration, or complete wound healing, can take place beneath this suberin layer within 10 to 20 days, depending on the condition of the potatoes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When potatoes are placed in storage, rapid cooling can result in more rot-forming organisms in the tuber because the entry points remain unhealed. Rapid cooling, particularly in the absence of adequate air, can also result in black spot and other potato damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Stopping disease organism growth and preventing common potato diseases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Most common potato disease organisms increase their population growth at temperatures ranging from 40\u00b0 to 80\u00b0 F. Lower temperatures lessen the possibility of disease incidence during storage. Since many of the common potato storage diseases naturally occur in the soil, they are transported into storage with the tubers. It is essential, therefore, not only to heal the exposed wound areas to minimize pathogen penetration, but also to lower the temperature as soon as possible after storing to minimize disease spread within infected tubers as well as from infected to sound tubers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This fact emphasizes the importance of careful harvesting and handling techniques to minimize bruising, skinning, and cutting. If late blight, other diseases, or field frost damage are evident in tubers, rapid lowering of temperatures, even without the healing and curing period, may be necessary to prevent breakdown. However, do not store these damaged potatoes for long periods of time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Avoiding respiration and sprouting<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The potato tuber reacts like any living organism; respiration increases with increasing temperatures. When the respiration increases so does the tuber weight loss. Since lower temperatures also maintain dormancy, keep temperatures as low as possible without otherwise decreasing quality (e.g., sugar buildup in processing potatoes). For long storage periods of three to five months, depending on the variety, a <a href=\"https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/products\/storage-crop-protection\/sprout-inhibitor\/\">sprout inhibitor<\/a> is practical for potatoes other than those to be used for seed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Temperature control for ideal sugar-starch conversions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Low temperatures (45\u00b0 F. or lower) enhance sugar formation. If the storage temperature is maintained below 45\u00b0 F. for a long time, accumulated sugars in the tuber do not readily reconvert to starch (recondition). High-reducing sugar concentrations result in undesirably darkened potato chips and fries. Some varieties recondition better from low temperatures than others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In general, the optimum, long-term storage temperature for processing potatoes is approximately 45\u00b0 F. For fresh market potatoes, a temperature of 40\u00b0 F. is recommended. Seed potatoes may be stored at slightly lower temperatures (38\u00b0 to 40\u00b0 F.) for better weight loss and sprout control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">95% humidity for 100% chance of success<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/centrifugal-humidifier-30-series-no-text.jpg\" alt=\"Centrifugal Humidifier 30-Series is the Leading, Industrial-Grade Performer\" class=\"wp-image-1171\" width=\"227\" height=\"245\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/centrifugal-humidifier-30-series-no-text.jpg 302w, https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/centrifugal-humidifier-30-series-no-text-277x300.jpg 277w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Maintain a <a href=\"https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/ivi-blog\/control-relative-humidity-conditions-for-stored-potatoes\/\">95% relative humidity<\/a> at all times. High humidity is essential for optimum wound healing during the curing period. It is also essential during the entire storage period to minimize tuber weight loss. At relative humidity levels below 90%, weight loss rapidly increases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keep the air moving<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Air movement may not be necessary during the curing period because the heat and moisture generated by the potatoes may provide an environment that is favorable for wound healing. Do not allow free moisture (condensation) to form during storage. If that does occur, air circulation may be necessary. Thereafter, air movement may be required to maintain the desired temperature and humidity throughout the storage pile. This may also require passing humidified air and\/or heated or refrigerated air through the pile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From 10 to 20 cfm (cubic feet per minute) of air per ton of potatoes is usually optimum, but the exact amount depends on the temperature of the outside air being brought in\u2014warmer temperatures make more air necessary. The primary function of air movement is to maintain a uniform temperature and humidity. Intermittent air movement can also accomplish this goal. The key is continual, accurate monitoring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dirt and clods are a problem that can seriously affect air movement through the storage pile. They tend to form a solid barrier that slows down air movement and prevents air from reaching some areas of the pile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Raise the temperature just prior to storage removal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cold potatoes are brittle and may easily bruise or shatter during handling. Before removing the tubers from storage, raise the temperature to 50\u00b0 to 55\u00b0 F. This can sometimes be accomplished by removing ventilation, which allows the heat from tuber respiration to accumulate. More frequently, however, heaters and\/or forced ventilation of warm air is necessary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A combination of key factors equal storage success<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In summary, some of the most important factors in successful storage and preventing common potato diseases, as lined out by a leading <a href=\"http:\/\/ucanr.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cooperative Extension program<\/a>, are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Minimize bruising, skinning, and cutting during harvesting and pre-storage by very gently performing the entire operation.<\/li><li>Remove clods and dirt before putting the potatoes into storage.<\/li><li>A wound healing or curing period is necessary to prevent entry of rot organisms and to reduce water loss. Wound healing occurs most rapidly at 60\u00b0 to 65\u00b0 F., with 95% humidity, and requires from 5 to 20 days.<\/li><li>If blight, other diseases, or frost damage is already present, it may be necessary to minimize or bypass the curing period.<\/li><li>The holding period requires low temperatures of 45\u00b0 F., 40\u00b0 F., or 38\u00b0 F. for processing, fresh market, or seed potatoes, respectively. Maintain 95% relative humidity.<\/li><li>Removal period: raise temperature to 50\u00b0 to, 55\u00b0 F. by discontinuing ventilation, or by using heaters and\/or ventilating with warm air.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Source: Cooperative Extension, University of California, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/temperature-graph.jpg\" alt=\"Graph illustrating the ideal storage temperature ranges for preventing common potato diseases. Curing Period (60\u201365\u00b0F), Holding Period (38\u201345\u00b0F) and Removal Period (50\u201355\u00b0F).\" class=\"wp-image-1287\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/temperature-graph.jpg 550w, https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/temperature-graph-300x147.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IVI offers Jet-Ag and Fruit Gard for further protection for your stored potatoes.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>IVI offers <a href=\"https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/products\/storage-crop-protection\/fungicide\/jet-ag\/\">Jet-Ag<\/a> service for application at the moment of storage, or at the first sign of disease. <a href=\"https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/products\/storage-crop-protection\/fungicide\/fruitgard\/\">FruitGard<\/a> is another option for protection, and is easily applied. For more information on which is the best option for your operation, <a href=\"https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/ivi-blog\/storage-protection-treatments\">we offer a comparison<\/a>. IVI offers design, systems, and equipment for <a href=\"https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/ivi-blog\/ivi-imperium-control-panel-american-made-excellence\/\">complete optimization<\/a> of your root crop storage. Visit with us to explore the best solutions for your storage needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"mailing-list-intro\" class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Find this content useful?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sign up for our mailing list to receive more product and industry information and news!<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wpforms-container wpforms-block\" id=\"wpforms-1000\"><form id=\"wpforms-form-1000\" class=\"wpforms-validate wpforms-form\" data-formid=\"1000\" method=\"post\" enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\" action=\"\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1274\" data-token=\"66dcd1ff317fa12a7afab89bd749f414\"><noscript class=\"wpforms-error-noscript\">Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form.<\/noscript><div class=\"wpforms-field-container\"><div id=\"wpforms-1000-field_1-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-email wpforms-conditional-trigger\" data-field-id=\"1\"><label class=\"wpforms-field-label wpforms-label-hide\" for=\"wpforms-1000-field_1\">Email <span class=\"wpforms-required-label\">*<\/span><\/label><input type=\"email\" id=\"wpforms-1000-field_1\" class=\"wpforms-field-large wpforms-field-required\" name=\"wpforms[fields][1]\" placeholder=\"Your email address\" spellcheck=\"false\" required><\/div><div id=\"wpforms-1000-field_2-container\" class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-gdpr-checkbox wpforms-conditional-field wpforms-conditional-show\" data-field-id=\"2\" style=\"display:none;\"><label class=\"wpforms-field-label wpforms-label-hide\" for=\"wpforms-1000-field_2\">GDPR Agreement <span class=\"wpforms-required-label\">*<\/span><\/label><ul id=\"wpforms-1000-field_2\" class=\"wpforms-field-required\"><li class=\"choice-1\"><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"wpforms-1000-field_2_1\" name=\"wpforms[fields][2][]\" value=\"I consent to the storage of my email so IVI can keep me informed of products and industry news.\" required ><label class=\"wpforms-field-label-inline\" for=\"wpforms-1000-field_2_1\">I consent to the storage of my email so IVI can keep me informed of products and industry news. <span class=\"wpforms-required-label\">*<\/span><\/label><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><!-- .wpforms-field-container --><div class=\"wpforms-field wpforms-field-hp\"><label for=\"wpforms-1000-field-hp\" class=\"wpforms-field-label\">Name<\/label><input type=\"text\" name=\"wpforms[hp]\" id=\"wpforms-1000-field-hp\" class=\"wpforms-field-medium\"><\/div><div class=\"wpforms-submit-container\" ><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"wpforms[id]\" value=\"1000\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"wpforms[author]\" value=\"1\"><button type=\"submit\" name=\"wpforms[submit]\" id=\"wpforms-submit-1000\" class=\"wpforms-submit\" data-alt-text=\"Sending...\" data-submit-text=\"Sign Up\" aria-live=\"assertive\" value=\"wpforms-submit\">Sign Up<\/button><\/div><\/form><\/div>  <!-- .wpforms-container --><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The two critical environmental factors involved in properly storing potatoes and preventing common potato diseases are temperature and humidity. Adequate and unrestricted air movement is also necessary to maintain constant temperature and humidity throughout the storage pile\u2014and to prevent excessive shrinkage from moisture loss and decay.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1292,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,5],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Key factors to preventing common potato diseases: temperature, humidity &amp; air flow<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The three critical environmental factors involved in properly storing potatoes and preventing common potato diseases are temperature, humidity and air flow.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ivi-air.com\/ivi-blog\/key-factors-to-preventing-common-potato-diseases-and-successful-storage\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Temperature, humidity, and air movement: the key factors to successful storage and preventing common potato diseases\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The two critical environmental factors involved in properly storing potatoes and preventing common potato diseases are temperature and humidity. 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